Urban expansion refers to the growth of cities in terms of physical size and population. This can occur through the extension of city boundaries, the expansion of built-up areas, or the growth of suburban areas around a city. Urban expansion is typically driven by factors such as population growth, economic development, and migration from rural areas to urban centers. Urban expansion can have both positive and negative impacts on communities and the environment. On one hand, it can lead to increased economic opportunities, improved infrastructure, and access to services for residents. On the other hand, urban expansion can also result in issues such as traffic congestion, air and water pollution, loss of green spaces, and increased pressure on resources. Researchers studying urban expansion often focus on understanding the dynamics of growth, the drivers of expansion, and the impacts on social, economic, and environmental systems. They may use tools such as geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, and modeling techniques to analyze and predict urban growth patterns. The goal of research in this area is often to inform planning and policy decisions that can help manage urban expansion in a sustainable and inclusive manner.